Is Neighborhood Nature an Ecological Precursor of Parenting Practices, Infant-Parent Bonding, and Infant Socioemotional Function?

Nurturing relationships are crucial for adaptive child development. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether nature availability was associated with early nurturing parenting practices, mother-infant bonding, and infant socioemotional function. Data from Australian Temperament Project ( n = 809 infants 515 parents residing in Victoria, Australia) linked cross-sectionally residential greenness (i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). There no observable associations between within a 1,600 m network radius or findings largely corroborated by sensitivity analyses NDVI 100, 250, 500, 1,000 distance park). Shorter distances park less hostile parenting. More (1,000 m) stronger father-infant bonding more amongst most stressed exploratory analyses. Residential might be socioecological precursor bonding.